**Question:** MC late complication of central venous line: March 2013 (f)

A. Pneumothorax
B. Infection
C. Thromboembolism
D. Arrhythmia

**Correct Answer:** C. Thromboembolism

**Core Concept:** Central venous lines are invasive devices inserted into the superior or internal jugular veins or subclavian veins to monitor vital signs, administer medications, or infuse fluids. Though beneficial, they also pose certain risks, one of which is late complications.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Thromboembolism (TE) is a late complication of central venous line insertion. TE is a condition where a blood clot (thrombus) formed in the vein, usually due to catheter-related factors, travels to a distant organ or vessel, causing obstruction and potentially severe clinical consequences.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Pneumothorax: This complication occurs when air enters the pleural space, leading to a lung collapse. Central venous lines do not directly cause pneumothorax, making option A incorrect.

B. Infection: Central venous lines can lead to local infection, but the question specifies the late complication, making option B irrelevant for this question.

D. Arrhythmia: Central venous lines may cause arrhythmias due to catheter-related factors such as electrical interference or local inflammation. However, the question focuses on the late complication, making option D incorrect.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Thromboembolism (TE) is a late complication of central venous line insertion, occurring when a blood clot forms in the vein, often due to catheter-related factors. The clot can then dislodge and travel to a distant organ or vessel, causing obstruction and severe clinical consequences.

**Clinical Pearl:** To minimize the risk of TE, proper catheter insertion techniques, regular line assessment for signs of occlusion or dislodgement, and appropriate anticoagulation prophylaxis should be employed. In cases of suspected TE, prompt imaging for confirmation and appropriate management is crucial.