**Question:** MC HPV Type which causes cervical cancer -

A. HPV 16
B. HPV 18
C. HPV 45
D. HPV 31

**Core Concept:** Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses, some of which can cause benign warts (condyloma acuminatum) and others can lead to malignant tumors, including cervical cancer. High-risk HPV types are those that have a significant association with cervical cancer development.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 45, and HPV 31 are considered high-risk HPV types because they are associated with the development of cervical cancer. Among these, HPV 16 and HPV 18 are the most common, contributing to approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. HPV 45 and HPV 31 are less common but equally aggressive and can also cause cervical cancer.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

- Option A (HPV 16): HPV 16 is the most common high-risk type of HPV, associated with approximately 40% of cervical cancer cases.
- Option B (HPV 18): HPV 18 is the second most common high-risk type of HPV, associated with approximately 20% of cervical cancer cases.
- Option C (HPV 45): HPV 45 is a high-risk type of HPV, associated with approximately 2% of cervical cancer cases.
- Option D (HPV 31): HPV 31 is a high-risk type of HPV, associated with approximately 2% of cervical cancer cases.

**Clinical Pearl:** HPV infection is a significant global health issue, and cervical cancer screening and vaccination programs are crucial for early detection and prevention.

**Correct Answer:** HPV 16 and HPV 18 are the most common high-risk types, so the correct answer is **A and B:** HPV 16 and HPV 18.