**Core Concept:** Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of middle ear infections (otitis media) by removing infected tissue and drainage-producing structures. It is essential to identify the correct diagnosis before performing surgery to avoid complications.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid air cells, which is a common complication after mastoidectomy due to retained infection or spread of infection from adjacent structures like the tympanic membrane or Eustachian tube. In this case, the patient develops vertigo and deafness post-surgery, indicating an infection within the mastoid air cells.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. **Vertigo** following mastoidectomy is typically due to an inner ear complication (e.g., labyrinthitis) rather than mastoiditis.

B. **Deafness** after mastoidectomy is usually due to damage to the auditory nerve during surgery, not mastoiditis.

C. **Otosclerosis** is a bony disease affecting the ossicles causing progressive hearing loss, not a complication of mastoidectomy.

D. **Tubotympanic** and **Mastoid** types of mastoiditis are different forms of mastoiditis, but neither is specifically related to vertigo and deafness post-mastoidectomy.

**Core Concept:** Mastoiditis is a post-operative complication of mastoidectomy, causing vertigo and deafness due to infection within the mastoid air cells.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. **Labyrinthitis** is an inner ear infection causing vertigo, not mastoiditis.

B. **Neuropathy** refers to nerve damage, not a complication of mastoidectomy or mastoiditis.

C. **Otosclerosis** is a condition affecting the ossicles, causing progressive hearing loss, not mastoiditis or mastoidectomy-related complications.

D. **Tubotympanic** and **Mastoid** types of mastoiditis are different forms of the infection but are not specifically related to vertigo and deafness post-mastoidectomy.

**Clinical Pearl:** Post-operative mastoidectomy complications should be considered in patients presenting with vertigo and deafness, as they can occur due to infection within the mastoid air cells. This knowledge helps in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.