Mapping of human genome was completed in:
**Question:** Mapping of human genome was completed in:
A. 2000
B. 2003
C. 2004
D. 2007
**Core Concept:**
The human genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism, consisting of DNA molecules carrying hereditary information. The mapping of the human genome refers to the effort to sequence and assemble the entire genome, identifying and locating all genes and regulatory elements. This process has advanced our understanding of genetic basis of diseases, personalized medicine, and evolutionary relationships among species.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
The correct answer is D. 2007, as the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a global initiative launched in 1990 to sequence and assemble the human genome. The project achieved its primary goal in 2003, when the first complete human genome was sequenced. However, the final assembly, validation, and publication of the complete human genome reference sequence took place in 2007, marking a major milestone in medical and scientific research.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. 2000 - This is too early, as the HGP did not achieve its primary goal until 2003.
B. 2003 - The final assembly, validation, and publication of the complete human genome reference sequence occurred in 2007, not the same year as the primary goal achievement.
C. 2004 - This is later than the correct year (2007) for the completion of the HGP.
**Clinical Pearl:**
The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2007 had a profound impact on medical research, enabling a better understanding of genetic disorders, drug targets, and personalized medicine. This knowledge has revolutionized the field of medicine, allowing for more accurate diagnoses, targeted therapies, and improved treatment outcomes.