Which of the following is not the extra – aicular manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis?
**Core Concept**
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of **spondyloarthritis** characterized by chronic inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to eventual fusion of the vertebrae. Extra-articular manifestations are common in AS, affecting various organ systems.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Since the correct answer is not provided, let's discuss the common extra-articular manifestations of AS, which include **uveitis**, **psoriasis**, **inflammatory bowel disease**, and **cardiac involvement**. These occur due to the underlying inflammatory process.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Uveitis is a known extra-articular manifestation of AS.
**Option B:** Psoriasis is also associated with AS.
**Option C:** Inflammatory bowel disease can occur in AS patients.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that AS can have significant extra-articular involvement, including **uveitis**, which requires prompt ophthalmological evaluation to prevent vision loss.
**Correct Answer:** D.