Cardiac manifestations of Grave’s disease would include all of the folloing except –
**Core Concept**
Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, which can lead to cardiac manifestations due to increased sympathetic activity, thyroid hormone effects on the heart, and potential co-existing conditions like atrial fibrillation.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Cardiac manifestations of Grave's disease include heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias due to the effects of excess thyroid hormones on the heart. The increased sympathetic activity and high levels of circulating thyroid hormones can lead to increased heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output, which can result in heart failure and arrhythmias.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** (No option given) - This option is skipped as we don't have the actual options A, B, C, and D.
* **Option B:** (No option given) - This option is skipped as we don't have the actual options A, B, C, and D.
* **Option C:** (No option given) - This option is skipped as we don't have the actual options A, B, C, and D.
* **Option D:** (No option given) - This option is skipped as we don't have the actual options A, B, C, and D.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
One key point to remember is that Grave's disease can lead to cardiac manifestations even in the absence of overt heart disease, making it essential to consider thyroid function in patients with cardiac symptoms.
**Correct Answer:**
Please provide the actual options A, B, C, and D for a complete explanation.