All of the following are manifestations of congenital syphilis except:-
**Core Concept**
Congenital syphilis is a condition resulting from the transmission of syphilis from mother to child during pregnancy, leading to various systemic manifestations. These manifestations can be divided into early and late congenital syphilis, depending on the time of onset.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Gumma is a type of granulomatous lesion typically seen in late syphilis, usually in adults. It is characterized by the formation of a painless, indolent mass, often involving the skin, bones, or internal organs. In congenital syphilis, gumma is not a typical manifestation. Instead, children with congenital syphilis may present with various other systemic and neurological abnormalities. The correct manifestations of congenital syphilis include Hutchinson's teeth (notched incisors), olympian brow (prominent forehead), and interstitial keratitis (inflammation of the cornea).
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** Hutchinson's teeth are a classic manifestation of congenital syphilis, characterized by notched or pegged incisors. This is due to the abnormal development of the teeth caused by the infection.
**Option C:** An olympian brow, or a prominent forehead, is another characteristic feature of congenital syphilis. This is thought to result from the abnormal development of the cranial bones.
**Option D:** Interstitial keratitis is a common manifestation of congenital syphilis, characterized by inflammation of the cornea. This can lead to visual impairment if left untreated.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Children with congenital syphilis may present with a range of systemic and neurological abnormalities, including rash, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and seizures. It is essential to consider congenital syphilis in the differential diagnosis of any infant or child with unexplained symptoms or findings.
**Correct Answer:**
β Correct Answer: A. Gumma.