What is not included in active management of third stage of labour:
**Core Concept**
The active management of the third stage of labour involves a series of steps to reduce postpartum hemorrhage risk. It includes administration of a uterotonic agent, controlled cord traction, and uterine massage.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Since the question is incomplete, let's discuss the general principles. Active management typically involves uterotonic agents like **oxytocin**, controlled cord traction to help deliver the placenta, and uterine massage to prevent atony.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Without the specific option, we can't comment directly, but typically, anything not directly contributing to uterine contraction or placental delivery would be incorrect.
**Option B:** Similarly, without specifics, we can say that any option not aligned with uterotonic use, cord traction, or uterine massage would be incorrect.
**Option C:** And again, without details, we can say that active management focuses on specific, evidence-based practices.
**Option D:** Any option that doesn't fit the established protocol for active management of the third stage of labour would be considered incorrect.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that active management of the third stage of labour significantly reduces the risk of **postpartum hemorrhage**, a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide.
**Correct Answer:** D. Fundal pressure