Malignant otitis externa is caused by _____________________
**Core Concept**
Malignant otitis externa, also known as necrotizing otitis externa, is a severe infection of the external auditory canal that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with diabetes mellitus. This condition is characterized by its aggressive progression and potential to spread to the skull base and cranial nerves.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium is commonly found in water and soil and is known to cause opportunistic infections in individuals with compromised immune systems. In the case of malignant otitis externa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa invades the external auditory canal and spreads to the surrounding bone and cartilage, leading to severe pain, swelling, and potentially life-threatening complications.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of skin and soft tissue infections, but it is not typically associated with malignant otitis externa. While it can cause otitis externa, it does not have the same aggressive potential as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
**Option B:** Aspergillus species are known to cause fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. However, they are not the primary cause of malignant otitis externa.
**Option C:** Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of otitis media, but it is not typically associated with malignant otitis externa.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Malignant otitis externa is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment with intravenous antibiotics, pain control, and close monitoring for potential complications. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent spread to the skull base and cranial nerves.
**Correct Answer:** Pseudomonas aeruginosa