ACTH type of substance is produced by which type of lung malignancy: September 2010
## **Core Concept**
The question tests knowledge of **ectopic hormone production** by tumors, specifically in the context of lung malignancies. **Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)** is a peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Ectopic ACTH production refers to the secretion of ACTH by tissues outside the pituitary gland, commonly by certain types of tumors.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **C. Small cell carcinoma**, is right because small cell carcinoma of the lung is known to produce ectopic hormones, including ACTH. This type of lung cancer is a neuroendocrine tumor, and like other neuroendocrine tumors, it can produce and secrete various hormones. The production of ACTH by small cell lung carcinoma can lead to **Cushing's syndrome**, a condition characterized by excessive levels of cortisol.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A: Squamous cell carcinoma** is incorrect because, while it is a type of lung cancer, it is not commonly associated with ectopic ACTH production.
- **Option B: Adenocarcinoma** is incorrect for similar reasons; it is a common type of lung cancer but not typically associated with ACTH production.
- **Option D: Large cell carcinoma** is incorrect as it is a less common type of lung cancer and not specifically known for ectopic hormone production like ACTH.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **small cell carcinoma of the lung** is associated with **ectopic ACTH production**, leading to Cushing's syndrome. This is a critical clinical correlation because the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma may be suggested by the presence of Cushing's syndrome.
## **Correct Answer:** C. Small cell carcinoma.