In which of the following genital tract malignancy, the risk of metastasis to ovary is the least?
**Core Concept**
Genital tract malignancies can metastasize to the ovaries through a process known as Krukenberg tumor. This phenomenon is more commonly associated with certain types of cancers, particularly those originating from the gastrointestinal tract. The risk of ovarian metastasis varies depending on the primary tumor site and histological characteristics.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **D. Endometrial cancer**. Endometrial cancer, which arises from the lining of the uterus, has a relatively low risk of metastasizing to the ovaries. This is because the primary tumor site is closer to the ovaries, making it easier to detect and treat. Additionally, endometrial cancer tends to spread through the lymphatic system rather than hematogenously, which further reduces the risk of ovarian metastasis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Ovarian cancer itself can metastasize to the ovaries, making it a less likely choice.
* **Option B:** Cervical cancer, which arises from the cervix, has a higher risk of metastasizing to the ovaries due to its proximity and potential for direct spread.
* **Option C:** Endodermal sinus tumors (yolk sac tumors) of the ovary can also metastasize to the ovaries themselves, increasing the risk.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When considering the risk of ovarian metastasis, it's essential to note that the likelihood of spread increases with the distance between the primary tumor site and the ovaries. This is a critical concept in oncology, as it helps guide treatment decisions and prognosis.
**Correct Answer:** D. Endometrial cancer.