Which of the following are characteristic markers for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
**Core Concept**
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma characterized by the presence of distinctive Reed-Sternberg cells. It is a neoplastic disorder of the lymphoid system, primarily affecting the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues. The disease is often associated with a favorable prognosis, particularly in early stages.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Reed-Sternberg cells are the hallmark of HL, and their presence is a diagnostic criterion for the disease. These cells are large, multinucleated giant cells with a distinctive appearance under microscopy. They express specific markers such as CD30 and CD15, which are characteristic of HL. The presence of these markers helps differentiate HL from other types of lymphomas.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** CD20 is a marker typically expressed on B cells and is commonly used in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is not specific for HL.
**Option B:** CD1a is a marker associated with Langerhans cells, which are a type of dendritic cell found in the skin and other tissues. It is not a characteristic marker for HL.
**Option C:** CD138 is a marker associated with plasma cells, which are mature B cells that produce antibodies. It is not a characteristic marker for HL.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
HL is often associated with a favorable prognosis, particularly in early stages. The presence of systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats (B symptoms) can indicate a more advanced stage of the disease and a poorer prognosis.
**Correct Answer: D. CD30 and CD15.**