True about Hodgkin’s lymphoma are all except?
**Core Concept**
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of lymphoma characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which is a distinct pathological feature. It is a malignancy of the lymphoid system, often presenting as a localized disease that can progress to involve multiple lymph node groups.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Hepatomegaly is not always present in Hodgkin's lymphoma, and its absence does not rule out the diagnosis. In fact, significant liver involvement is relatively rare in Hodgkin's lymphoma. The correct answer is related to the clinical presentation and staging of the disease. Hodgkin's lymphoma typically presents with localized disease, involving a single axial group of lymph nodes, which then progresses through contiguous spread to involve other lymph node groups. The disease can be effectively treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to cure in a significant proportion of patients.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This statement is true. Hodgkin's lymphoma often involves a single axial group of lymph nodes, such as the cervical, supraclavicular, or mediastinal lymph nodes. This characteristic presentation is one of the diagnostic criteria for Hodgkin's lymphoma.
**Option C:** This statement is also true. Hodgkin's lymphoma typically spreads through contiguous lymph nodes, which is a hallmark of the disease. This pattern of spread is often seen on imaging studies and is an important aspect of disease staging.
**Option D:** This statement is true as well. Hodgkin's lymphoma is highly curable with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The prognosis is generally excellent, especially when the disease is diagnosed at an early stage.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that the absence of hepatomegaly or significant liver involvement does not rule out the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. A thorough history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging are necessary to accurately stage the disease.
**β Correct Answer: B. Hepatomegaly is always present**