True about Burkitt’s lymphoma are:
**Core Concept**
Burkitt's lymphoma is a highly aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by a specific chromosomal translocation and distinct histological features. It is a malignancy of B lymphocytes, which are crucial for the adaptive immune response.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The characteristic "starry sky" pattern on histology in Burkitt's lymphoma is due to the presence of numerous mitotic figures (indicative of rapid cell division) and apoptotic cells, which give the appearance of a starry night sky. This pattern is a result of the high proliferation rate and rapid turnover of malignant B lymphocytes. The cancer cells are often large, with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli. The "starry sky" appearance is a hallmark of Burkitt's lymphoma and is essential for its diagnosis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** t(14;18) is a different chromosomal translocation associated with follicular lymphoma, not Burkitt's lymphoma. Burkitt's lymphoma is typically characterized by t(8;14), which involves the c-MYC gene and the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
**Option B:** Burkitt's lymphoma typically expresses low levels of BCL-2, which is a protein that inhibits apoptosis. In contrast, follicular lymphoma is characterized by overexpression of BCL-2 due to the t(14;18) translocation.
**Option D:** Burkitt's lymphoma is actually a rapidly progressing malignancy, with a high rate of cell division and a short doubling time. It is one of the most aggressive forms of lymphoma.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Burkitt's lymphoma is often associated with a distinct clinical presentation, including a rapidly enlarging lymph node or mass, bone pain, and systemic symptoms such as fever and weight loss. The "starry sky" pattern on histology is a critical diagnostic feature, and its recognition is essential for prompt initiation of treatment.
**β Correct Answer: C. Starry sky pattern on histology**