Molecular studies on an abdominal lymph node containing lymphoma demonstrate t (2;8)(p12; q24) translocation. This is most compatible with which of the following diseases?
**Core Concept**
The question is testing the student's knowledge of specific chromosomal translocations in lymphomas. The t(2;8)(p12;q24) translocation is a characteristic genetic abnormality associated with a particular type of lymphoma. This translocation involves the fusion of the c-Myc gene on chromosome 8 with the immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene on chromosome 2.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The t(2;8)(p12;q24) translocation is a hallmark of Burkitt lymphoma, a highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This translocation leads to the overexpression of the c-Myc protein, which is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. The overexpression of c-Myc drives the uncontrolled cell growth characteristic of Burkitt lymphoma.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** The t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation is associated with follicular lymphoma, not Burkitt lymphoma.
* **Option B:** The t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation is also associated with Burkitt lymphoma, but it is not the specific translocation mentioned in the question.
* **Option D:** The t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), not Burkitt lymphoma.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Burkitt lymphoma is a highly malignant tumor with a propensity for rapid growth and dissemination. It is often associated with the c-Myc translocation and is typically treated with intensive chemotherapy and sometimes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
**Correct Answer:** C. Burkitt lymphoma