## **Core Concept**
The low osmolar Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is a type of solution used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea and other gastrointestinal illnesses. Its composition is crucial for effective rehydration and electrolyte replenishment. The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF have recommended a specific composition for low osmolar ORS.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct composition of low osmolar ORS as recommended by the WHO and UNICEF includes:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl): 2.6 grams/L
- Glucose, anhydrous: 13.5 grams/L
- Potassium chloride (KCl): 1.5 grams/L
- Citrate: 2.5 grams/L

This composition results in:
- Sodium: 75 mmol/L
- Potassium: 20 mmol/L
- Chloride: 65 mmol/L
- Citrate: 10 mmol/L
- Glucose: 75 mmol/L
- Osmolarity: 245 mOsm/L

This specific combination helps in the efficient absorption of fluids and electrolytes by the intestine, reducing stool output, and promoting hydration.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** Incorrect because it does not match the recommended composition for low osmolar ORS.
- **Option B:** Incorrect as it also does not align with the WHO and UNICEF recommendations for low osmolar ORS.
- **Option D:** Incorrect because it similarly does not correspond to the standard low osmolar ORS formulation.

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that the low osmolar ORS has significantly reduced the osmolarity from the original formula (311 mOsm/L) to 245 mOsm/L, making it more effective and safer for use in treating dehydration, especially in children.

## **Correct Answer:** . NaCl 2.6 g/L, Glucose 13.5 g/L, KCl 1.5 g/L, Citrate 2.5 g/L