**Core Concept**
Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by a decrease in serum iron levels, which can be due to inadequate dietary intake, increased iron requirements, or excessive iron loss. Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) is a measure of all proteins available for binding mobile iron, including transferrin. In iron deficiency anemia, the body attempts to compensate for the decreased iron levels by increasing the production of transferrin, thereby increasing TIBC.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In iron deficiency anemia, the decreased iron levels lead to increased production of transferrin, which binds more iron than usual, thereby increasing the TIBC. This is a compensatory mechanism to try and capture as much iron as possible from the body's stores and the diet. The increased TIBC is a sensitive indicator of iron deficiency, as it reflects the body's attempt to compensate for the decreased iron levels.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because a low TIBC would not be seen in iron deficiency anemia, as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased iron levels by increasing the production of transferrin, thereby increasing TIBC.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because anemia of chronic disease typically presents with low serum iron, but a normal or increased TIBC due to the inflammatory response, which leads to increased production of transferrin.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because hemochromatosis is a condition of excessive iron accumulation, which would present with high serum iron levels, not low.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In iron deficiency anemia, the body's attempt to compensate for the decreased iron levels by increasing TIBC is a sensitive indicator of the condition. This can be used as a diagnostic clue to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from other causes of anemia.

**Correct Answer:** A. Iron deficiency anemia.