A patient with nephrotic syndrome on longstanding cortico-steroid therapy may develop all the following except –
## Core Concept
The question tests the understanding of complications arising from long-term corticosteroid therapy, particularly in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. Corticosteroids are known for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties but can have significant side effects with prolonged use. Nephrotic syndrome itself is characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right
Corticosteroid therapy can lead to several complications, including osteoporosis (due to effects on bone metabolism), cataracts (due to changes in lens protein), and hypertension (due to fluid retention and effects on blood vessels). However, one option provided does not align with common complications of long-term corticosteroid therapy.
## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
- **Option A:** Osteoporosis is a well-known complication of long-term corticosteroid use. Corticosteroids can interfere with calcium absorption and bone formation, leading to decreased bone density.
- **Option B:** Cataracts, particularly posterior subcapsular cataracts, are associated with long-term corticosteroid therapy. The mechanism is not entirely clear but may involve changes in lens protein.
- **Option D:** Hypertension can result from corticosteroid therapy due to sodium and water retention, as well as direct effects on blood vessels.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right (continued)
- The correct answer, ****, suggests an option that does not fit with the known side effects of corticosteroids. Given the context, we are looking for a condition not typically associated with corticosteroid therapy.
## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key point to remember is that while corticosteroids have many side effects, their use in nephrotic syndrome is often to reduce proteinuria and induce remission. Monitoring for side effects and using the lowest effective dose are crucial. A classic clinical pearl is to consider **"Corticosteroid-induced side effects can often be managed with concomitant use of medications like bisphosphonates for osteoporosis or careful blood pressure monitoring for hypertension."**
## Correct Answer Line
**Correct Answer: C.**