A patient with nephrotic syndrome on long term coico-steroid therapy may develop all the following side effects, except:
**Core Concept**
Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Long-term corticosteroid therapy is a common treatment for nephrotic syndrome, but it can lead to various side effects due to its immunosuppressive and glucocorticoid properties.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Corticosteroids can cause a range of side effects, including osteoporosis, glaucoma, cataracts, and skin thinning. However, the correct answer is not listed among the options. To determine the correct answer, we need to evaluate the options provided.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because osteoporosis is a well-known side effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids can lead to bone resorption and decreased bone formation, resulting in osteoporosis.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because glaucoma is a potential side effect of corticosteroid therapy. Long-term use of corticosteroids can increase intraocular pressure, leading to glaucoma.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because skin thinning is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy. Long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to skin atrophy, telangiectasia, and fragility.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
To remember the common side effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy, use the mnemonic "BONES": **B**one resorption (osteoporosis), **O**cular effects (glaucoma, cataracts), **N**ail changes, **E**nteropathy, **S**kin thinning.
**Correct Answer: D**.