Long arm chromosome 5 deletion is seen in –
**Core Concept**
A long arm chromosome 5 deletion refers to a genetic disorder caused by a loss of genetic material from the long arm (q arm) of chromosome 5. This deletion can lead to various clinical manifestations, including developmental delay, intellectual disability, and distinctive physical features.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The long arm chromosome 5 deletion, also known as 5q deletion syndrome, is characterized by a loss of genetic material from the q arm of chromosome 5. This deletion can result in the loss of function of genes involved in cell growth and development, leading to a range of clinical features. The deletion typically occurs in individuals with a history of growth failure, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. The syndrome can also be associated with characteristic physical features, such as a prominent nose, thin upper lip, and short stature.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect as the long arm chromosome 5 deletion is not typically associated with a specific type of cancer. While individuals with chromosome 5 deletions may have an increased risk of certain cancers, the long arm chromosome 5 deletion is not specifically linked to cancer.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect as the long arm chromosome 5 deletion is not typically associated with a specific type of autoimmune disorder. While individuals with chromosome 5 deletions may have an increased risk of certain autoimmune disorders, the long arm chromosome 5 deletion is not specifically linked to autoimmune disease.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect as the long arm chromosome 5 deletion is not typically associated with a specific type of metabolic disorder. While individuals with chromosome 5 deletions may have an increased risk of certain metabolic disorders, the long arm chromosome 5 deletion is not specifically linked to metabolic disease.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Individuals with a long arm chromosome 5 deletion may have a characteristic "marfanoid habitus," which includes tall stature, long limbs, and a prominent nose.
**Correct Answer: D. 5q deletion syndrome**