Lipid envelope is found in which virus –
**Core Concept**
The lipid envelope is a characteristic feature of certain viruses, which is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins. This envelope is derived from the host cell membrane during the budding process. The lipid envelope plays a crucial role in the viral replication cycle, attachment, and entry into host cells.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The lipid envelope is found in viruses that belong to the families Orthomyxoviridae (influenza viruses), Paramyxoviridae (measles and mumps viruses), Rhabdoviridae (rabies virus), and Filoviridae (Ebola and Marburg viruses). These viruses acquire their lipid envelope from the host cell membrane during the budding process. The envelope proteins, such as hemagglutinin for influenza viruses, play a critical role in viral attachment and entry into host cells. The lipid envelope also serves as a target for neutralizing antibodies.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because viruses belonging to the family Herpesviridae (e.g., herpes simplex virus) have a lipoprotein envelope, but it is not derived from the host cell membrane.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because viruses belonging to the family Poxviridae (e.g., smallpox virus) have a complex structure with a protein coat, but not a lipid envelope.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because viruses belonging to the family Adenoviridae (e.g., common cold virus) have a protein coat, but not a lipid envelope.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The lipid envelope is a key feature of viruses that can be targeted by antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir for influenza viruses.
**Correct Answer: D. Filoviridae (Ebola and Marburg viruses) are enveloped viruses.