Lightening flash can cause injury by all of the following, except-
**Core Concept**
Lightning flash injuries are caused by the passage of an electrical current through the body, which can lead to thermal and electrical effects. The effects of lightning are due to the extreme temperature and pressure generated by the electrical discharge, as well as the potential for cardiac and muscular effects.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Lightning can cause injuries through various mechanisms, including cardiac arrest due to the electrical current disrupting the heart's rhythm, burns from the extreme heat generated, and muscle contractions that can lead to joint dislocations or even bone fractures. The electrical current can also cause damage to the nervous system, leading to neurological effects.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because lightning can cause burns, which are a direct result of the electrical discharge and the resulting heat. Burns are a common injury associated with lightning strikes.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because lightning can cause cardiac arrest, which is a leading cause of death from lightning strikes. The electrical current can disrupt the heart's rhythm, leading to cardiac arrest.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because lightning can cause muscle contractions, which can lead to joint dislocations or even bone fractures. The electrical current can cause involuntary muscle contractions, leading to severe injuries.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The "flash" and "bang" sounds associated with lightning are due to the electrical discharge and the rapid expansion of air, respectively. The "bang" sound can be loud enough to cause damage to the ears.
**Correct Answer: D.**