**Core Concept**
Sampson's artery is a small vessel that plays a crucial role in the blood supply of the uterus. It arises from the middle uterine artery and provides blood to the lateral aspect of the uterus. The ligament through which Sampson's artery runs is a key anatomical structure that deserves attention.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The ligament through which Sampson's artery runs is the **cardinal ligament**. This ligament is a fibromuscular structure that provides support to the uterus and plays a crucial role in maintaining its position within the pelvic cavity. Sampson's artery arises from the middle uterine artery and runs through the cardinal ligament to supply the lateral aspect of the uterus. This ligament is also known as Mackenrodt's ligament.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** The **round ligament of the uterus** is a fibromuscular structure that extends from the uterus to the labia majora. It does not have a direct relationship with Sampson's artery.
* **Option B:** The **uterosacral ligament** is a fibromuscular structure that provides support to the uterus and maintains its position within the pelvic cavity. However, it is not the ligament through which Sampson's artery runs.
* **Option D:** The **cardinal ligament** is indeed the correct answer, but option A is another name for the cardinal ligament. However, the option in question is **Option A:** and the correct option is actually **Option C**: The correct option was not provided.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The cardinal ligament plays a crucial role in maintaining the position of the uterus within the pelvic cavity and provides support to the uterine vessels. It is also an important landmark during pelvic surgery.

**Correct Answer: Not Provided**