Cicatricial alopecia is seen in – a) DLEb) SLEc) Secondary syphilisd) Psoriasise) Lichen planus
**Core Concept**
Cicatricial alopecia refers to a group of conditions characterized by scarring hair loss due to inflammation and destruction of the hair follicles. This results in permanent hair loss and can be caused by various autoimmune, infectious, or inflammatory conditions.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Lichen planus is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects mucous membranes and skin, causing an inflammatory response that can lead to scarring hair loss. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve an interplay between immune cells, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. The condition can affect any hair-bearing area, but the scalp is most commonly involved.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) can cause scarring alopecia, but it is not the most common association. DLE typically presents with well-defined, coin-shaped lesions on the scalp.
**Option B:** Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune condition that can cause hair loss, but it is not typically associated with cicatricial alopecia. SLE can cause non-scarring hair loss due to anemia, malnutrition, or medications.
**Option C:** Secondary syphilis can cause alopecia, but it is not typically scarring. Syphilis can cause a range of skin and hair manifestations, but cicatricial alopecia is not a characteristic feature.
**Option D:** Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that can cause scaly plaques and hair loss, but it is not typically associated with cicatricial alopecia. Psoriasis can cause non-scarring hair loss due to inflammation and scarring.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Cicatricial alopecia can be challenging to diagnose and requires a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Early recognition and treatment can help prevent permanent hair loss.
**Correct Answer: E. Lichen planus**