A child presents with stridor, barking cough and difficulty in breathing since 2-3 days. He has a fever and elevated leukocyte count. All of the following statements about his condition are true, except
**Core Concept**
The child's symptoms of stridor, barking cough, difficulty in breathing, fever, and elevated leukocyte count are suggestive of croup, a common pediatric respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the larynx and trachea.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Croup is caused by viral infections, most commonly parainfluenza viruses, which lead to inflammation and edema of the subglottic region. This results in the characteristic barking cough and stridor due to the narrowed airway. The elevated leukocyte count indicates a secondary bacterial infection or an inflammatory response to the viral infection.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Croup is typically a self-limiting condition and does not usually require surgical intervention. However, in severe cases, tracheostomy may be necessary, but this is not a common initial management approach.
* **Option B:** The child's symptoms are consistent with croup, which is caused by viral infections. This statement is true, as croup is indeed caused by viruses, making it a correct statement about the condition.
* **Option D:** The child's symptoms and laboratory findings, including fever and elevated leukocyte count, are consistent with a secondary bacterial infection or an inflammatory response, making this statement true.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to distinguish croup from epiglottitis, a more severe and life-threatening condition, by assessing the child's symptoms, vocal cord mobility, and the presence of a high-pitched stridor. A barking cough and inspiratory stridor are more characteristic of croup.
**Correct Answer: A.**