LBW is associated with increased risk of ____ in adult life
**Core Concept**
Low Birth Weight (LBW) refers to a birth weight less than 2,500 grams. Individuals born with LBW often experience altered fetal development, which can lead to various health complications later in life. The underlying issue is the inadequate growth and maturation of vital organs and systems during fetal development.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
LBW is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life. This is due to several factors, including altered fetal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, impaired vascular function, and changes in lipid metabolism. These changes can lead to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and eventually, cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms involved include reduced placental growth factor, altered expression of genes involved in vascular development, and changes in the fetal microenvironment.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not directly related to LBW. While certain infections can be associated with LBW, they are not the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
**Option B:** Malnutrition in adult life is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it is not the primary association with LBW.
**Option C:** Diabetes in adult life is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it is not the primary association with LBW.
**Option D:** This option is not directly related to LBW. While certain genetic conditions can be associated with LBW, they are not the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Individuals born with LBW are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life due to altered fetal programming and impaired vascular function.
**Correct Answer: D. Hypertension.**