Late expanding phase of demographic cycle is characterized by?
**Core Concept**
The demographic transition model describes the changes in population growth rates and structures over time, typically in six stages. The late expanding phase is the fourth stage, where the population growth rate is high due to low mortality rates and increasing fertility rates.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In the late expanding phase, the population growth rate is high due to improved living standards, sanitation, and healthcare, leading to a significant decrease in mortality rates. This results in a larger workforce and an increased demand for food, housing, and other resources. The population growth rate is also influenced by the high fertility rate, as women have more children due to improved healthcare and nutrition. The high population growth rate in this phase can lead to increased strain on resources, infrastructure, and the environment.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect as it does not describe the characteristics of the late expanding phase. In this phase, the population growth rate is high, not low.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it describes the characteristics of the early expanding phase, where the population growth rate is low due to high mortality rates and low fertility rates.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the population growth rate in the late expanding phase. The population growth rate is high in this phase, not stable.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The late expanding phase of the demographic cycle is characterized by a high population growth rate, which can lead to increased strain on resources and infrastructure. This phase is often associated with urbanization and the development of new industries and technologies.
**Correct Answer: D.**