Using a small fine probe, single lactiferous duct is excised. What is the name of the procedure:
First, I recall that lactiferous ducts are part of the mammary gland structure. They are the ducts that carry milk from the alveoli to the nipple. So, any procedure involving these ducts would be related to the mammary glands.
The procedure described involves excising a single duct. The term "excision" suggests removal. Now, I need to think about the specific surgical terms for removing ducts. I remember that "duct excision" might be part of the term. But what's the specific name for this?
Another angle: sometimes procedures are named after the surgeon or a specific method. For example, a lumpectomy is the removal of a lump, but that's more general. Could it be a duct excision or duct resection? But the question specifies using a small fine probe, which makes me think it's a minimally invasive technique.
Wait, there's a procedure called duct excision or ductal excision. But I'm not sure if there's a more specific term. Maybe "microdochectomy"? Let me think. "Micro" refers to small, "docho" relates to duct, and "-ectomy" is removal. So microdochectomy would be the removal of a small duct. That seems to fit.
Let me verify. A microdochectomy is indeed a procedure where a single lactiferous duct is excised, often using a fine probe to access the duct through the nipple. This is done for conditions like intraductal papilloma, which is a benign tumor in the milk duct. The procedure is minimally invasive, so using a small probe makes sense.
So the correct answer should be microdochectomy. Now, checking the options: if the correct answer is D, then the options must have that. The other options would be incorrect terms. For example, lumpectomy is removal of a breast lump, not a duct. Duct excision is a more general term but not as specific as microdochectomy. Ductogram is an imaging procedure, not a surgery. So the other options can be ruled out based on their definitions.
**Core Concept**
This question tests knowledge of surgical procedures involving the mammary gland ductal system. A lactiferous duct is a milk-carrying duct in the breast, and its excision is a specific procedure for diagnosing or treating intraductal lesions (e.g., papillomas).
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
**Microdochectomy** is the precise term for excising a single lactiferous duct using a fine probe inserted through the nipple. It is commonly performed for benign intraductal lesions like papillomas. The procedure involves locating the affected duct via galactography (imaging with contrast), then excising it under local anesthesia. This technique preserves most of the ductal system and minimizes scarring.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** *Lumpectomy* refers to removing a breast lump (e.g., carcinoma), not a duct.
**Option B:** *Duct excision* is a generic term; the question specifies the method (small probe) and exact