False positive veneral desease research laboratories (VDRL) test have been associated with all thefollowing except –
**Core Concept**
The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is a non-treponemal test used to screen for syphilis. It detects the presence of antibodies against the lipoidal material released from damaged host cells and treponemes. A false-positive result can occur due to various factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
A false-positive VDRL test can be associated with conditions that cause a polyclonal activation of the immune system, leading to the production of non-specific antibodies. This includes infections such as malaria, leprosy, and certain viral diseases like hepatitis. Additionally, autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis can also cause false-positive VDRL results due to the presence of autoantibodies. Furthermore, some medications like isoniazid and certain biologics can also lead to false-positive VDRL results.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as malaria is known to cause a false-positive VDRL result due to the polyclonal activation of the immune system.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as leprosy is also associated with false-positive VDRL results due to the presence of non-specific antibodies.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as SLE is a well-known cause of false-positive VDRL results due to the presence of autoantibodies.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that a positive VDRL test requires confirmation with a treponemal test like the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test to ensure a true diagnosis of syphilis.
**Correct Answer: A. Malaria**