**Core Concept**
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by heavy proteinuria (>3.5g/1.73m^2/day), hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. It results from severe damage to the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to loss of large amounts of albumin and other proteins in the urine.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The primary kidney diseases that cause nephrotic syndrome are typically characterized by changes in the glomerular basement membrane or podocyte injury, which disrupts the normal function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Examples include minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. These conditions often lead to severe proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Not enough information provided to evaluate this option.
* **Option B:** Not enough information provided to evaluate this option.
* **Option C:** Not enough information provided to evaluate this option.
* **Option D:** Not enough information provided to evaluate this option.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Nephrotic syndrome is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to prevent complications such as thrombosis and infections. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat the underlying cause of nephrotic syndrome.

**Correct Answer: A.**