**Core Concept**
Karyotyping is a process used to analyze the chromosomes in an individual's cells. It involves the examination of the number and structure of chromosomes to identify any abnormalities, such as aneuploidy or chromosomal translocations. Karyotyping is typically performed on dividing cells, as the chromosomes are condensed and easily visible during this phase.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is based on the fact that karyotyping requires the chromosomes to be in a condensed state, which occurs during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. During this phase, the chromosomes are replicated and then separated into two identical sets, one for each daughter cell. The condensed chromosomes are then visible under a microscope, allowing for accurate analysis. The mitotic phase is divided into several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, where karyotyping is typically performed.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division. However, the chromosomes are not condensed during interphase, making it unsuitable for karyotyping.
* **Option B:** Synthesis phase, also known as S phase, is a sub-stage of interphase where DNA replication occurs. While DNA replication is essential for cell division, the chromosomes are not yet condensed during this phase, making it unsuitable for karyotyping.
* **Option D:** G2 phase is a sub-stage of the cell cycle that occurs after the synthesis phase and before the mitotic phase. During G2, the cell prepares for cell division, but the chromosomes are not yet condensed, making it unsuitable for karyotyping.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that karyotyping is typically performed on dividing cells, and the chromosomes must be in a condensed state for accurate analysis. This is why mitotic cells are often used for karyotyping, as they provide the best opportunity to examine the chromosomes.

**Correct Answer:** C.