Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by –
**Core Concept**
Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne flavivirus infection that primarily affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). The virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected Culex mosquito.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer involves understanding the primary vector responsible for transmitting Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) to humans. Culex mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus, are the main vectors of JEV transmission. These mosquitoes acquire the virus by feeding on infected birds, which then transmit the virus to humans through their bites. The virus replicates in the mosquito's salivary glands before being transmitted to humans.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Not applicable (no information provided).
**Option B:** Aedes mosquitoes are primarily responsible for transmitting dengue and chikungunya viruses, not Japanese encephalitis.
**Option C:** Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vectors of malaria, not Japanese encephalitis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Japanese encephalitis is a significant public health concern in rural Asia, particularly in agricultural areas where rice cultivation creates standing water that attracts Culex mosquitoes.
**Correct Answer: C. Culex mosquitoes.**