For isolating a gene of long DNA molecules (50-100 KB) following is used:
First, I need to recall the techniques used for gene isolation. Common methods include restriction enzyme digestion, PCR, cloning into vectors like plasmids or phage, and maybe techniques like Southern blotting. But for very long DNA fragments, some methods might not be feasible. PCR is good for amplifying specific regions but might not handle very long DNA efficiently. Restriction enzymes can cut DNA, but if the gene is part of a large fragment, maybe a cloning vector like a BAC or YAC is needed. Wait, BACs (Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes) are used for cloning large DNA fragments, up to 300 KB, so they could handle 50-100 KB. YACs (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes) are also for large DNA, but maybe BACs are more commonly used in this context. Alternatively, maybe the answer is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for separating large DNA fragments, but that's more for analysis than isolation. Or perhaps the question is about cloning vectors. Let me think again. The question is about isolating the gene, so the method would involve cloning the gene into a vector that can carry large inserts. So BACs or YACs would be the vectors used here. Another possibility is the use of restriction enzymes with specific sites to cut the DNA, but if the DNA is very long, maybe the correct answer is a cloning vector. Alternatively, maybe it's a restriction enzyme like EcoRI, but that's not specific for long DNA. Wait, the question is about isolating a gene from long DNA molecules. So the method would involve cutting the DNA into manageable pieces? No, if the DNA is already 50-100 KB, maybe the answer is using a cloning vector like BACs. So the correct answer is BACs. Let me check standard techniques. BACs are used for cloning large DNA fragments, so if the gene is part of a larger DNA molecule, you'd use a BAC to isolate and clone it. So the correct answer is BAC. Let me make sure there aren't other methods. Maybe PFGE is used for separation, but not isolation. So the answer is BAC.
**Core Concept**
The question tests knowledge of molecular biology techniques for isolating large DNA fragments. **Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs)** are specialized vectors designed to clone DNA fragments of 100–300 kilobases (KB), making them ideal for isolating genes from long genomic DNA (50–100 KB).
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
BACs are derived from *E. coli* F plasmids and can stably propagate large DNA inserts. They contain an origin of replication, a selectable marker, and telomere-like sequences to maintain genomic stability. By inserting the target gene into a BAC vector, researchers can isolate and amplify the specific DNA fragment without shearing, which is critical for preserving regulatory elements or structural features of large genes.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Restriction enzyme