Which of the following glycolytic enzyme does not catalyze irreversible step ?
## **Core Concept**
The question tests knowledge of glycolysis, specifically focusing on the irreversibility of certain steps catalyzed by enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, releasing energy. It consists of ten reactions, with three of them being irreversible.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **D. Phosphoglycerate kinase**, catalyzes a reversible step in glycolysis. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, generating one molecule of ATP per converted molecule. The reaction is reversible under physiological conditions, which is crucial for the regulation and integration of glycolysis with other metabolic pathways.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** Hexokinase (or glucokinase in the liver) catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, an irreversible step that commits glucose to being broken down to pyruvate.
- **Option B:** Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, another irreversible step in glycolysis.
- **Option C:** Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP, which is also an irreversible step.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical pearl is that the irreversible steps in glycolysis are crucial for its regulation. The enzymes hexokinase/glucokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, and pyruvate kinase are key regulatory points. Inhibition or alteration in the activity of these enzymes can significantly impact glycolytic flux and energy production in cells.
## **Correct Answer:** D. Phosphoglycerate kinase.