The occurrence of hyperthyroidism following administration of supplemental iodine to subjects with endemic iodine deficiency goitre is known as –
**Core Concept**
The Jod-Basedow effect refers to the development of hyperthyroidism in individuals with pre-existing thyroid tissue, typically those with endemic iodine deficiency goitre, following the administration of supplemental iodine. This phenomenon occurs due to the sudden increase in iodine availability, which stimulates the thyroid gland to release pre-formed thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The Jod-Basedow effect is a well-documented clinical phenomenon where iodine supplementation in individuals with endemic iodine deficiency goitre can lead to a transient increase in thyroid hormone production. This is thought to be due to the activation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors by the excess iodine, leading to an increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland's pre-existing tissue, which has been stimulated by prolonged iodine deficiency, becomes hyper-responsive to the increased iodine levels, resulting in the production of excessive thyroid hormones.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** Wolff-Chaikoff effect refers to the temporary inhibition of thyroid hormone production in response to high levels of iodine, which is the opposite of the Jod-Basedow effect. This effect is thought to be a protective mechanism to prevent thyroid damage from excessive iodine intake.
**Option C:** Thyrotoxicosis factitia refers to a condition of thyroid hormone toxicity caused by the ingestion of exogenous thyroid hormones, which is unrelated to the Jod-Basedow effect.
**Option D:** De Quervain's thyroiditis is a form of thyroiditis characterized by inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can lead to hyperthyroidism, but it is not related to the administration of supplemental iodine.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The Jod-Basedow effect highlights the importance of careful iodine supplementation in areas with endemic iodine deficiency goitre to prevent the development of hyperthyroidism. It also underscores the need for monitoring and follow-up in individuals receiving iodine supplementation, particularly those with pre-existing thyroid tissue.
**✓ Correct Answer:** A. Jod-Basedow effect