An acute syndrome of abnormal involuntary movements resembling tardive dyskinesia is associated with excessive dosage of –
## **Core Concept**
The question pertains to a condition characterized by abnormal involuntary movements, specifically resembling **tardive dyskinesia**, which is often associated with long-term use of **antipsychotic medications**. This condition is a form of **extrapyramidal side effect (EPS)**.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **Metoclopramide**, is a medication known to cause **tardive dyskinesia-like symptoms** or **acute dystonic reactions** due to its **dopamine receptor antagonist properties**. Metoclopramide is primarily used for its antiemetic and prokinetic effects but can lead to EPS, including dystonia and akathisia, especially at higher doses or with prolonged use.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** While **Levodopa** can cause dyskinesias, these are typically **choreoathetoid movements** seen in the context of Parkinson's disease treatment and not usually described as resembling tardive dyskinesia directly.
- **Option B:** **Anticholinergics** can cause a variety of side effects, including **dry mouth**, **tachycardia**, and **cognitive impairment**, but they are not commonly associated with causing involuntary movements like tardive dyskinesia; instead, they can sometimes treat EPS.
- **Option D:** **Dopamine agonists** are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. They mimic the action of dopamine in the brain and are less likely to cause a syndrome resembling tardive dyskinesia.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **tardive dyskinesia** and similar syndromes are associated with **long-term dopamine receptor blockade**. Metoclopramide, due to its dopamine antagonist properties, can cause such side effects, especially with prolonged use or at higher doses. Clinicians should monitor patients on long-term metoclopramide for signs of EPS.
## **Correct Answer:** . Metoclopramide