**Core Concept**
The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are a group of muscles that are responsible for changing the shape of the tongue, without altering its position or attachment to the floor of the mouth. They are derived from the mesoderm and play a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and other oral functions.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are derived from the mesoderm, specifically from the fourth branchial arch. During embryonic development, the mesoderm differentiates into various muscle groups, including the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. These muscles are essential for the fine motor movements of the tongue, allowing for precise control over articulation, language, and other oral functions.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The extrinsic muscles of the tongue, which are also derived from the mesoderm, are responsible for changing the position and attachment of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. They are not the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.
**Option B:** The mucous membrane of the tongue is derived from the endoderm, not the mesoderm. While the mucous membrane covers the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, it is not the same tissue.
**Option C:** The lingual glands, also known as the von Ebner glands, are responsible for the production of lingual lipase and other enzymes. They are not the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.
**Option D:** The lingual nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve, provides sensory innervation to the tongue. It is not the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are responsible for the tongue's ability to change shape, which is essential for speech, swallowing, and other oral functions. Damage to the intrinsic muscles of the tongue can result in difficulties with speech, swallowing, and articulation.

**Correct Answer:** D. The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are derived from the mesoderm, specifically from the fourth branchial arch.