Interstitial nephritis is seen in all EXCEPT:
**Core Concept**
Interstitial nephritis is a type of kidney inflammation that affects the interstitial tissue surrounding the renal tubules, leading to damage and impairment of kidney function. This condition can result from various causes, including medications, infections, and autoimmune disorders.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The pathogenesis of interstitial nephritis involves the activation of immune cells and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to tissue damage and fibrosis. Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), penicillin, and sulfonamides, can induce interstitial nephritis by triggering an immune response against the renal tissue. The condition can also be caused by infections, such as tuberculosis, and autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because NSAIDs are a well-known cause of interstitial nephritis, leading to acute kidney injury and renal failure.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because certain antibiotics, including penicillin and sulfonamides, can induce interstitial nephritis by triggering an immune response against the renal tissue.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because SLE is an autoimmune disorder that can cause interstitial nephritis, leading to kidney damage and impairment.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A mnemonic to remember the causes of interstitial nephritis is "PAINS": Penicillin, Antibiotics, NSAIDs, Infections, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
**Correct Answer: D.**