**Core Concept**
International disease surveillance is a critical component of public health that involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to detect, assess, and respond to public health threats that may arise from the importation or spread of infectious diseases across international borders. This concept is essential for preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases, as well as for protecting global health security.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The primary goal of international disease surveillance is to detect and respond to public health threats in a timely and effective manner. This involves monitoring and analyzing data from various sources, including reports from healthcare providers, laboratories, and travelers, as well as from international partners and global health organizations. By identifying potential public health threats early, countries can take proactive measures to prevent the spread of disease and protect their citizens.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it is too broad and does not specifically relate to the primary goal of international disease surveillance.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is more related to the role of international health regulations, which are not the primary focus of international disease surveillance.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is more related to the role of health education and promotion, which is not the primary goal of international disease surveillance.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key aspect of international disease surveillance is the use of standardized reporting systems and protocols to ensure that data is collected and shared in a timely and consistent manner. This includes the use of the International Health Regulations (IHR), which provide a framework for countries to report public health events and respond to potential threats.

**Correct Answer: C. Monitoring and controlling the spread of infectious diseases.**