Intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondi is?
**Core Concept**
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. The parasite has a complex life cycle that involves two hosts: a definitive host (the cat family) and intermediate hosts (other mammals, including humans). The intermediate host is essential for the parasite's life cycle, as it provides the necessary environment for the parasite to grow and develop.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii is any mammal, including humans, that can become infected with the parasite through ingestion of oocysts (the infectious stage of the parasite) or tissue cysts. Once ingested, the oocysts or tissue cysts release bradyzoites, which invade the host's cells and begin to grow and multiply. The parasite then forms tissue cysts in the host's tissues, which can remain dormant for years. The intermediate host provides a food source for the parasite, allowing it to grow and develop until it is ingested by a definitive host, such as a cat, where it can complete its life cycle and produce oocysts.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify a known intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is not a known intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii.
* **Option D:** This option is incorrect because it is not a known intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Toxoplasmosis is a common infection that can affect anyone, but it is more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as pregnant women, HIV/AIDS patients, and organ transplant recipients. Pregnant women who become infected with Toxoplasma gondii for the first time during pregnancy are at risk of passing the infection to their fetus, which can cause congenital toxoplasmosis.
**Correct Answer: C. Mammals including humans.**