Insulin secretion increasing drug by acting on beta cells of pancreas is –
π‘ Explanation
## **Core Concept**
The question tests the understanding of pharmacological agents that enhance insulin secretion by acting on the beta cells of the pancreas. This involves knowledge of drugs that stimulate insulin release, which is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Sulfonylureas, like **Glibenclamide (Glyburide)**, act on the beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin secretion. They do this by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K+ channels) in the beta-cell membrane. This blockage leads to cell depolarization, opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, and an influx of calcium ions. The increased intracellular calcium concentration triggers the exocytosis of insulin granules, thereby increasing insulin secretion.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** Metformin primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity, not by directly stimulating insulin secretion from beta cells.
- **Option B:** Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that increases insulin sensitivity by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-Ξ³), not by directly stimulating insulin secretion.
- **Option D:** Acarbose works by inhibiting intestinal alpha-glucosidases, delaying carbohydrate absorption and reducing postprandial glucose levels. It does not directly stimulate insulin secretion.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that drugs stimulating insulin secretion, like sulfonylureas, can cause hypoglycemia as a side effect, especially if not titrated properly or if used in conjunction with other glucose-lowering agents.