If a patient with several hyperglycemia is given IV insulin, which of the following can occur?
**Core Concept**
The administration of IV insulin in a patient with hyperglycemia can lead to a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels, which may cause various metabolic and physiological responses. This is because insulin promotes the uptake of glucose by cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
When IV insulin is administered, it causes a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels, leading to a state of hypoglycemia. This can trigger the release of counter-regulatory hormones such as glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol, which attempt to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipolysis. Additionally, the brain may also undergo anaerobic metabolism due to the lack of glucose, leading to lactic acidosis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option does not accurately describe a possible consequence of IV insulin administration in a patient with hyperglycemia.
**Option B:** There is no direct link between IV insulin administration and the development of diabetic ketoacidosis in this context.
**Option C:** While IV insulin may lead to hypoglycemia, it does not directly cause a decrease in serum creatinine levels.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to monitor blood glucose levels closely when administering IV insulin, as the risk of hypoglycemia is high. If hypoglycemia occurs, it is crucial to administer glucose or glucagon promptly to prevent further complications.
**Correct Answer: C. Hypoglycemia**