**Core Concept**
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) due to mutations in the LDL receptor gene (LDLR) or other related genes. This condition leads to premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The inheritance pattern of FH is autosomal dominant, meaning a single copy of the mutated gene is sufficient to cause the condition. Individuals with FH have a 50% chance of passing the mutated gene to their offspring. The LDL receptor plays a crucial role in removing LDL-C from the bloodstream, and mutations in the LDLR gene result in impaired receptor function, leading to increased levels of circulating LDL-C.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because autosomal recessive inheritance would require two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to express the condition, which is not the case in Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because X-linked dominant inheritance would involve the mutated gene being located on the X chromosome, which is not the case for Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because autosomal recessive inheritance is not consistent with the clinical presentation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia, which is typically seen in individuals with a single copy of the mutated gene.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
FH is one of the most common genetic disorders, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 200 to 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment with statins or other lipid-lowering therapies can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with FH.

**Correct Answer: C. Autosomal dominant**