Which of the following conditions has autosomal dominant inheritance?
**Core Concept**
Autosomal dominant inheritance is a pattern of inheritance where a single copy of the mutated gene is enough to cause the condition. This means that an individual with an autosomal dominant condition has a 50% chance of passing the mutated gene to their offspring.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Autosomal dominant conditions occur when a mutation in one of the two copies of a gene is sufficient to cause the condition. This is because the mutated gene is dominant over the normal gene, meaning it will always be expressed if present. Examples of autosomal dominant conditions include Huntington's disease, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Marfan syndrome.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the inheritance pattern.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a type of inheritance pattern, not a condition.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a type of genetic mutation, not an inheritance pattern.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that autosomal dominant conditions often have a family history of the condition, and individuals with a family history of an autosomal dominant condition should be screened for the condition.
**Correct Answer: D. This option is correct because it represents a condition that has autosomal dominant inheritance.**