The disease with autosomal dominant inheritance among the following is:
💡 Explanation
## **Core Concept**
The question tests knowledge of genetic inheritance patterns of various diseases. Autosomal dominant inheritance refers to a pattern where a single copy of a dominant allele is enough to cause the condition. This means if one parent has the disease, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is known for its autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. It is caused by mutations in the **APC gene**, which is a tumor suppressor gene. This condition leads to the development of hundreds to thousands of polyps in the colon and rectum, significantly increasing the risk of colorectal cancer. The autosomal dominant pattern means that a mutation in one of the two copies of the gene is sufficient to cause the disorder.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** While some forms of are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, without specifics, it's hard to confirm its relevance here. Generally, can have various inheritance patterns.
- **Option B:** This option might refer to a condition with a different inheritance pattern. Many diseases have but without specifics, it's challenging to address directly.
- **Option C:** Similarly, might have different inheritance patterns, and without more details, it's hard to ascertain its accuracy.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical pearl is that FAP typically presents in the teenage years to early twenties with the development of multiple adenomatous polyps. If left untreated, there is nearly a 100% risk of developing colorectal cancer by age 40. Early diagnosis through genetic testing and screening can significantly improve outcomes.