Mediator of acute inflammation not derived from cell is:
**Core Concept**
Inflammation is a complex biological response to tissue damage or infection, involving both cell-mediated and non-cell-mediated mechanisms. The mediator of acute inflammation not derived from cells is a critical component of the inflammatory response, which helps to initiate the process of healing and protection against infection.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Kinins are a group of peptides that play a key role in the inflammatory response, particularly in the mediation of acute inflammation. They are not derived from cells, but rather are formed from the breakdown of high molecular weight kininogen by the enzyme kallikrein. Kinins, such as bradykinin, act on blood vessels to increase permeability, leading to the leakage of fluid and the characteristic signs of inflammation, including redness, heat, and swelling. This process helps to bring white blood cells to the site of infection or injury.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Histamine is a mediator of inflammation that is derived from mast cells, which are a type of immune cell. It plays a key role in the early stages of inflammation, causing blood vessels to dilate and increasing the permeability of capillaries.
**Option B:** Leukotrienes are also derived from immune cells, specifically from neutrophils and macrophages. They are involved in the later stages of inflammation, causing smooth muscle contraction, increased mucus production, and increased vascular permeability.
**Option D:** Cytokines are a broad group of signaling molecules that are involved in the regulation of the immune response, including inflammation. While some cytokines are produced by non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts, many others are produced by immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and macrophages.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Kinins are also involved in the regulation of blood pressure and the activation of the complement system, which helps to clear pathogens from the body. This highlights the complex interplay between different components of the inflammatory response and the importance of understanding the role of non-cell-derived mediators in this process.
**β Correct Answer: C. Kinins**