A woman with infertility receives an ovary transplant from her sister who is an identical twin. What type of graft it is ?
## **Core Concept**
The question tests understanding of graft classification based on genetic relationship and immune response. Grafts can be categorized into several types, including autografts (from one part of the body to another), isografts (between genetically identical individuals), allografts (between genetically non-identical individuals of the same species), and xenografts (between different species). The scenario involves a transplant between identical twins.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The transplant in question occurs between two genetically identical individuals (identical twins). Since the donor and recipient are genetically the same, there is no risk of an immune response against the graft. This specific type of graft, where the donor and recipient are genetically identical (usually twins), is known as an **isograft**. Isografts are not typically associated with immune rejection because the immune system does not recognize the transplanted tissue as foreign.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** Autograft refers to a graft transferred from one part of the body to another in the same individual. This does not apply here because the transplant is between two different individuals, even though they are twins.
- **Option B:** Allograft refers to a graft of tissue obtained from a donor of the same species as, but with a different genetic makeup from, the recipient. This does not apply because, although the individuals are of the same species, they are genetically identical.
- **Option C:** Xenograft involves transplanting living tissues or organs from a donor of a different species from the recipient. This clearly does not apply here since both the donor and recipient are human.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **isografts**, like the one described, have the best chance of success because they do not trigger an immune response. This is why organ transplants between identical twins have a very high success rate.
## **Correct Answer:** . Isograft