**Core Concept**
Proteus infections, caused by the bacterium Proteus species, are known to induce a specific type of urinary tract infection (UTI) characterized by the presence of certain metabolic byproducts. This phenomenon is closely related to the bacterium's ability to produce urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the production of urease by Proteus bacteria. Urease is an enzyme that hydrolyzes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, leading to an increase in urinary pH. This alkaline environment can precipitate the formation of struvite stones, composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate, which are characteristic of Proteus infections. The high pH also leads to the precipitation of calcium phosphate, resulting in the formation of kidney stones. This is a classic example of a pathogenic process where the bacterium manipulates its environment to create a favorable condition for its survival.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This is not a known consequence of Proteus infections. The correct answer is related to the production of urease and its effects on urinary pH.
**Option B:** While Proteus infections can lead to UTIs, the correct answer is more specific and related to the production of urease and its effects on urinary pH.
**Option C:** This is not a known consequence of Proteus infections. The correct answer is related to the production of urease and its effects on urinary pH.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When encountering a patient with a urinary tract infection caused by Proteus species, remember that the production of urease can lead to an increase in urinary pH, resulting in the formation of struvite stones. This is a classic exam-relevant point that demonstrates the importance of understanding the pathogenic process behind Proteus infections.

**Correct Answer:** B. Struvite stones