Increased intraocular tension can be diagnosed by –
**Core Concept**
Increased intraocular tension is a condition where the pressure within the eye increases, potentially leading to glaucoma and vision loss. This condition is often associated with damage to the optic nerve and can result from various factors, including blockage of the trabecular meshwork, a structure responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **Tonometry**. Tonometry is a medical test used to measure the tension or pressure within the eye, specifically the intraocular pressure (IOP). This is done by gently applying a small amount of pressure to the cornea or sclera using a tonometer. The pressure reading obtained from tonometry helps diagnose conditions like glaucoma, which is characterized by increased intraocular tension.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Perimetry is a test used to assess the field of vision, but it does not measure intraocular pressure directly. It is used to detect any defects in the visual field that may be indicative of glaucoma.
**Option B:** Ophthalmoscopy is a technique used to examine the interior of the eye, but it does not measure intraocular pressure. It is used to assess the retina, optic disc, and macula.
**Option C:** Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a high-frequency ultrasound imaging technique used to visualize the anterior segment of the eye. While it can provide information about the anatomy of the eye, it is not used to measure intraocular pressure.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember that increased intraocular tension is a risk factor for glaucoma, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent vision loss. Tonometry is a quick and painless test that can be performed in various settings, including primary care clinics and ophthalmology offices.
**Correct Answer: D. Tonometry**