One of the following does not cause increase in the size of spleen in later stages –
**Core Concept**
The spleen's size can increase due to various causes, including infections, hematological disorders, and other pathologies that affect the spleen or its blood supply. The spleen's enlargement can be a result of an increase in the number of cells or an increase in the size of the cells within the spleen.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
To determine which of the options does not cause an increase in the size of the spleen, we need to consider the pathophysiology of each condition.
* **Option A:** Infection with organisms such as malaria, which causes the spleen to become enlarged due to an increase in the number of macrophages and other immune cells.
* **Option B:** Splenomegaly due to portal hypertension, which increases the pressure in the portal vein, causing congestion in the spleen and leading to its enlargement.
* **Option C:** Cysts or abscesses within the spleen, which can cause the spleen to become enlarged due to the accumulation of fluid or pus.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option D:** Splenic infarction, which is a condition where a portion of the spleen dies due to a lack of blood supply. This condition typically causes the spleen to shrink rather than increase in size.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Splenomegaly can be a sign of various underlying conditions, and it is essential to consider the patient's symptoms, medical history, and laboratory results to determine the cause of the spleen's enlargement.
**Correct Answer:** D. Splenic infarction typically causes the spleen to shrink rather than increase in size.